Analysis of common failures of tractor starter
Analysis of common failures of tractor starter
One, the starter does not work
The cause of the fault may be: excessive battery power loss, loose wire connection or serious oxidation on the surface of the electric post; the electromagnetic switch attracting coil and holding coil have grounding, open circuit, short circuit, and the contact or contact plate is severely ablated; magnetic field winding or electric The pivot winding has iron ground, open circuit, short circuit phenomenon; the brush is stuck in the brush holder, the spring is broken, or the insulating brush is grounded; the contact of the starting relay cannot be closed or the contact is burnt or oily. Through the intensity of the headlights and the volume of the speaker, it can be preliminarily judged that the battery is insufficient and the wire is not connected properly. Short-circuit the terminal of the electromagnetic switch. If the starter still does not work, it indicates that the starter has a problem; if it operates normally, it indicates that the electromagnetic switch, relay or related connecting wires are faulty. You can use the wire to short-circuit the electromagnetic switch and the wiring of the attracting coil. column. If the starter still does not work, it indicates that the electromagnetic switch or the starting relay and the electromagnetic switch are faulty; if the starter is operating normally, it indicates that the relay is faulty, or the connecting wires between the relay and the electromagnetic switch or between the terminals are lapped. The iron, open circuit and connection are loose, or the start switch may fail. After confirming that the wire connection is not loose, use a multimeter to measure the voltage on the pull coil terminal and the relay terminal to determine whether there is grounding or open circuit in each section of the connecting wire. At the same time, the relay can be judged. Whether the contact is closed and conducting and whether the start switch is normal.
two. Operation is weak
shows that when the ignition switch is turned on, the starter can run, but the speed is too low. The cause of the failure may be: the battery is deficient in power or the wire is in poor contact; the starter is faulty, check whether the connection wire of the battery is loose and whether the contact is good. If the wire connection is normal, check each single isolation voltage of the battery with a high-rate discharge meter. The value should be above 1.5V and remain stable within 5s; if the voltage is also normal, use a screwdriver to short-circuit the terminal of the electromagnetic switch and start the motor. If the operation is normal, it means that the electromagnetic switch is not in good contact and the contact is severely ablated; if it does not work normally, it means that the starter is faulty, and the brushes, brush springs, steering gear, etc. should be further checked; the faults of the brushes should be cleared and replaced Still not ruled out, you should check again whether the electromagnetic coil and armature bearing are loose, bent, or whether the magnetic pole iron has friction.
Three, starter idling
shows that after turning on the ignition switch, the crankshaft of the engine does not rotate, but the starter rotates at a high speed or rotates at a very low speed. The cause of the failure may be: the one-way wheel slips; the fork connection is disconnected; the flywheel gear ring is partially damaged; the gap adjustment is improper. If it is idling sometimes, and sometimes it can drive the crankshaft, it may be due to improper adjustment of the gap between the starter drive gear and thrust washer, or the switch contact is too early; it may also be part of the flywheel gear ring is damaged, when the starter drive gear is just damaged. When the gear ring of the gear wheel collides, the crankshaft cannot be driven to rotate. At this time, the gear or ring gear should be replaced; because the one-way wheel slips, there is generally no impact sound. At this time, the starter should be disassembled and the armature fixed. Then turn the one-way wheel vigorously, if it can only turn counterclockwise, it is good; the starter with inertial transmission device, the cause of idling failure is mostly that the track groove of the gear movement is not clean, which hinders the sliding of the drive gear.
Four, abnormal noise during operation
The cause of the failure may be: the electromagnetic switch between the drive gear and the flywheel ring gear cannot mesh normally; the starter is improperly installed and the tooth side clearance is too small; the buffer spring is too soft or broken. If the electromagnetic switch is turned on before the drive gear meshes with the flywheel ring gear, or the drive gear and flywheel ring gear are severely worn, it can cause the drive gear and flywheel ring gear to fail to mesh and cause impact sound. At this time, you can turn the crankshaft to an angle with the hand crank, and then press the starter switch to test. If the impact sound disappears and the engine can be started at this time, the part of the gear of the flywheel ring gear is broken; if the crankshaft has been rotated There is an impact sound at any angle, and the drive gear cannot be engaged at all times. It may be that the stroke of the starter fork or the electromagnetic switch is too short, causing the drive gear to rotate at a high speed without engaging.
Five, non-stop
The cause of the failure may be: the start switch cannot be opened or cannot be returned; the electromagnetic switch contact sheet is short-circuited; the relay contact is ablated or the spring is damaged; the electromagnetic switch coil is short-circuited; the return spring of the shift fork is loose or broken. After releasing the ignition start switch, if the starter is found to be unable to stop, firstly cut off the battery power output, make the starter power off and stop, and then check whether the ignition switch is short-circuited and whether the starter start switch can be turned off.
